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TOPS-20 Commands Reference Manual

DIRECTORY

Displays information about the files in a directory.

Format

@DIRECTORY (OF FILES) filespec,...,
@@subcommand

where:

filespec	is the specification of a file about which you want information. Default filespec - *.*.*
@@subcommand	means that, after a final comma, you can give one or more subcommands on successive lines.

Summary of DIRECTORY Subcommands (defaults in boldface)

ACCOUNT
ALPHABETICALLY
ARCHIVED
BEFORE date and/or time
CHECKSUM BY-PAGES SEQUENTIALLY
CHRONOLOGICAL WRITE CREATION READ TAPE-WRITE
COMPLETE
CRAM
DATES WRITE CREATION OFFLINE-EXPIRATION ONLINE-EXPIRATION READ TAPE-WRITE
DELETED
DOUBLESPACE
EVERYTHING
FIND number of generations	Default number - 1
GENERATION-RETENTION-COUNT
HEADING
INVISIBLE
LARGER number of pages
LENGTH
LPT
NO ACCOUNT CHECKSUM CRAM DATES DOUBLESPACE FILE-LINES GENERATION-RETENTION-COUNT HEADING LENGTH LPT PROTECTION REVERSE SEPARATE SIZE SUMMARY-LINES TIMES USER
OFFLINE
ONLINE
OUTPUT filespec	Default filespec - DIR.DIR
PROHIBIT-MIGRATION
PROTECTION
RESIST-MIGRATION
REVERSE
SEPARATE
SINCE date and/or time
SIZE
SMALLER number of pages
TIMES WRITE CREATION OFFLINE-EXPIRATION ONLINE-EXPIRATION READ TAPE-WRITE
USER WROTE CREATED

DIRECTORY Subcommands

ACCOUNT	prints the account to which storage fees for the files are charged.
ALPHABETICALLY	lists the files in alphabetical order. Default
ARCHIVED	restricts the listing to archived files only, visible and invisible, offline and online.
BEFORE date and time or day of week (or TODAY) and time	restricts listing to files last written before the date and time given.
CHECKSUM BY-PAGES SEQUENTIALLY	computes and prints 6-digit octal checksums for the files, either sequentially and without going beyond the EOF (end-of-file) mark, or by pages on disk, accounting for holes in files and pages beyond the EOF mark; output will be followed by letter P in this case. Default - BY-PAGES
CHRONOLOGICAL WRITE CREATION READ TAPE-WRITE	lists files in order (oldest first) according to date of creation, or date they were last changed, or date they were last read, or date their tape copy was created, Default - WRITE
COMPLETE	prints the complete file specification, which includes the structure and directory names.
CRAM	compresses formats to reduce printing space and time.
DATES WRITE CREATION OFFLINE-EXPIRATION ONLINE-EXPIRATION READ TAPE-WRITE	lists for the specified files, the following: date of creation, or date they were last changed, or date they were last read, or date the tape copy was created, or date of expiration Default - WRITE
DELETED	limits descriptions to deleted files that have not yet been expunged.
DOUBLESPACE	double-spaces the DIRECTORY command output.
EVERYTHING	prints, in this order, the following information about the files: file specification protection account number size in pages and in bytes (and associated byte size) generation retention count date and time of creation, of last change (Write), last time read, and of the creation of any tape copy the name of the user who created the file, and of the user who last wrote in the file.
FIND n	prints the specifications of all but the n most recent generations of the files, omitting any files having n or fewer generations. Default n - 1
GENERATION-RETENTION-COUNT	tells the number of generations of each file the system will retain in the given directory.
HEADING	prints a headline labeling each category of information supplied by the command. Default
INVISIBLE	restricts the listing to invisible files only, both on-line and off-line.
LARGER n	lists only files of size greater than n pages.
LENGTH	gives the file length in bytes and the associated byte size.
LPT	directs the command output to LPT: instead of to your terminal.
NO ACCOUNT CHECKSUM CRAM DATES DOUBLESPACE FILE-LINES GENERATION-RETENTION-COUNT HEADING LENGTH LPT PROTECTION REVERSE SEPARATE SIZE SUMMARY-LINES TIMES USER	suppresses the action or information associated with the specified subcommand. (FILE- LINES refers to the information pertaining to the individual files, which is the bulk of the DIRECTORY command output. SUMMARY-LINES refers to the information following the file lines, giving a total file-count, and total page-count and total checksum if required by subcommands.) Default - HEADING
OFFLINE	restricts the listing to (visible) off-line files only, both archived and not archived.
ONLINE	restricts the listing to on-line files.
OUTPUT filespec	directs the command output to the specified file rather than to your terminal. Default filespec - DIR.DIR
PROHIBIT-MIGRATION	restricts the listing to files that are never migrated, because they were specified in a SET FILE PROHIBIT command.
PROTECTION	prints the protection code (protection number) of the file.
RESIST-MIGRATION	restricts the listing to files that the system considers last for migration. These files were specified in a SET FILE RESIST command.
REVERSE	causes an ordering subcommand, such as ALPHABETICALLY or CHRONOLOGICAL, to arrange its output in reverse.
SEPARATE	lists the complete specification for each file on a separate line (instead of listing successive generation numbers of the file on the same line, separated by commas; and instead of listing files of the same name and different type by file type only, indented under the first complete file specification).
SINCE date and time or day of week (or TODAY) and time	limits listing to files last written after the date (or day of week) and time given.
SIZE	prints the size of the files in pages.
SMALLER n	lists only files of size less than n pages.
DATES WRITE CREATION OFFLINE-EXPIRATION ONLINE-EXPIRATION READ TAPE-WRITE	lists, for the specified files, the following: time and date of creation, or time and date they were last changed, or time and date they were last read, or time and date the tape copy was created, or time and date of expiration Default - WRITE
USER WROTE CREATED	gives the name of the user who created the file, or changed the file last. Default - WRITE

Hints

Listing Unneeded Files

In preparation for deleting files so that your directory will fall within disk quotas, you can get a list of your largest files by using the LARGER and/or SIZE subcommands, and of your oldest or least-used files with DATES, TIMES, and BEFORE. With FIND you can discover extra generations of files.

Finding Files of a Particular Age or Size

To examine only files of a certain age or size, give the pair of subcommands BEFORE and SINCE, or LARGER and SMALLER, with appropriate arguments.

Comparing Checksums of Files

You can use the numbers reported by the CHECKSUM subcommand to compare two files: if they have differing contents they will almost certainly yield different values; and identical files will have the same checksums. The CHECKSUM subcommand causes a checksum of checksums as well.

Special Cases

Asterisks Appearing Before Filespecs

An asterisk (*) appearing before a filename in the response to a DIRECTORY command indicates a possible hardware-related error, one caused by a read operation at a marginally functional area of disk. To test whether there actually is an error in the file, use the COPY command to copy the file to a new specification. If the COPY command succeeds, there is no error in the file, and no asterisk will precede the new file specification. If the COPY command fails, you should move the disk to another drive and repeat the command. If it still fails, you may have to write your own program to recover everything but the missing part of the file (usually, just one page).

DIRECTORY-class Commands for Labeled Magnetic Tapes

The FDIRECTORY, TDIRECTORY, and VDIRECTORY commands for labeled magnetic tapes are equivalent to the DIRECTORY command for labeled magnetic tapes. All these commands rewind the tape set to the beginning of the first volume, print a directory of files, then rewind the set again. You can give only these subcommands when using DIRECTORY-class commands with labeled magnetic tapes: ALPHABETICALLY, DOUBLESPACE, HEADING, LPT, NO, OUTPUT, REVERSE, and SEPARATE.

Related Commands

FDIRECTORY (Full DIRECTORY) TDIRECTORY (Time-ordered DIRECTORY) VDIRECTORY (Verbose DIRECTORY)

other DIRECTORY-class commands for performing related functions

Examples

1. Obtain a listing of your files.

   @DIRECTORY
   
      PS:<HERRICK>
    4-UPED.TXT.13
    ACCT20.FOR.1
    DUMPER.MAC.1
    F-O.DIRECTORY.1
    FORD.CTL.2,3,4,5,6
    MEMO.CMD.1
      .FIL.1
      .FRM.2
    MULTIP.FOR.2
   
    Total of 13 files
   

2. Use a DIRECTORY command with a filespec consisting of wildcard characters and the account attribute (;A) to find out which files' storage fees are being charged to account MONITOR.

   @DIRECTORY *.*;AMONITOR
   
      PS:<HERRICK>
    FORD.CTL.2
    MEMO.FRM.2
   
    Total of 2 files
   

3. Find out what files of type .TXT there are in your connected directory and in one to which you have group rights.

   @DIRECTORY *.TXT, <SARTINI>*.TXT
   
      PS:<HERRICK>
    4-UPED.TXT.13
    MAIL.TXT.1
    REMARK.TXT.4
   
    Total of 3 files
   
      PS:<SARTINI>
    CHAP21.TXT.33
    CHAPT2.TXT.16
    CHAPT3.TXT.8
    PRIVATE.TXT.1
    TEST.TXT.1
   
    Total of 5 files
   
    Grand total of 8 files
   

4. Give a DIRECTORY command with the BEFORE and SINCE subcommands to find out which files were changed during the week of March 6, 1985.

   @DIRECTORY,
   @@BEFORE 3-12-85
   @@SINCE 3-5-85
   @@
      PS:<HERRICK>
    DIVIDE.FOR.4
    MULTIP.FOR.2
    QUOTNT.EXE.1
    SQUARE.EXE.1
   
    Total of 4 files
   

5. Give the DIRECTORY command to list all the files in a directory that you have access to.

   @DIR WORK:<HERRICK>
   
     WORK:<HERRICK>
   CALENDAR.TXT.26
   COMAND.MIC.3
   QUERY.DAVE.1
        .GENE.2
   RESULT.SCM.1
   WEEKLY.STA.15
   
   Total of 6 files