TOPS-20 Commands Reference Manual

COMPILE

Translates source files into object (relocatable binary) files.

Format

@COMPILE (FROM) /switch(es) source/switch(es) object,...

where:

switches

are keywords chosen from the list below, indicating your choice of COMPILE command options. They have different effects depending on their position in the command line: placed before all files in the command, they act as defaults for all; otherwise, they affect only the nearest preceding file.

Defaults are shown in the list of switches

source

is the file specification of a source program. The filename must be of 6 or fewer characters, and the file type of 3 or fewer characters; you cannot use a generation number.

Default - arguments you gave in your last LOAD-class command

object

is the filename you choose for the object file; it must be of 6 or fewer characters.

Default - filename of the source file (file type is .REL)

Summary of COMPILE Command Switches (defaults in boldface)

/10-BLISS

/36-BLISS

/68-COBOL

/74-COBOL

/ABORT

/ALGOL

/BINARY

/COBOL

/COMPILE

/CREF

/CROSS-REFERENCE

/DDT

/DEBUG

/FAIL

/FLAG-NON-STANDARD

/FORTRAN

/LANGUAGE-SWITCHES:"/switch(es)"

/LIBRARY

/LIST

/MAC

/MACHINE-CODE

/MACRO

/MAP

/NOBINARY

/NOCOMPILE

/NOCREF

/NOCROSS-REFERENCE

/NODBUG

/NOFLAG-NON-STANDARD

/NOLIST

/NOLIBRARY

/NOMACHINE-CODE

/NOOPTIMIZE

/NOSEARCH

/NOSTAY

/NOSYMBOLS

/NOWARNINGS

/OPTIMIZE

/PASCAL

/RELOCATABLE

/SAIL

/SEARCH

/SIMULA

/SNOBOL

/STAY

/SYMBOLS

/WARNINGS

Descriptions of these switches are given below. Although the system will not reject switches described under any of the LOAD-class commands, only those switches commonly associated with COMPILE are described here.

COMPILE Command Switches

/10-BLISS	compiles the file using the BLISS-10 compiler. Default for files of type .B10 and .BLI
/36-BLISS	compiles the file using the BLISS-36 compiler. Default for files of type .B36
/68-COBOL	compiles the file using the COBOL-68 compiler. Default for files of type .C68 or .68C
/74-COBOL	compiles the file using the COBOL-74 compiler. Default for files of type .C74 or .74C
/ABORT	stops a compile if a fatal error is detected and returns your terminal to TOPS-20 command level.
/ALGOL	compiles the file using the ALGOL compiler. Default for files of type .ALG
/BINARY	allows generation of an object (binary) file for each source file given. Use this switch to cancel a /NOBINARY switch. Default
/COBOL	compiles the file using the COBOL compiler, either COBOL-68 or COBOL-74, that your installation has stored in the file SYS:COBOL.EXE. Default for files of type .CBL
/COMPILE	forces compilation of the source file even if a current object file already exists. Use this switch along with the /LIST or /CREF switch to obtain listings when you have current object files. (See also the /NOBINARY switch.)
/CREF	same as /CROSS-REFERENCE
/CROSS-REFERENCE	creates a file containing cross-reference information for each compilation. The filename is that of the object file; the file type is .CRF. Use the CREF command to obtain a listing of the file. (For COBOL files, this switch automatically produces a cross-reference listing.) See the TOPS-20 User Utilities Guide for information about the CREF program.
/DDT	loads the DDT debugging program along with your object file.
/DEBUG	produces an object file containing debugging information beyond what is usually inserted during a compilation. (For FORTRAN programs only, and only if you have not given the /OPTIMIZE switch.)
/FAIL	compiles the file using the FAIL compiler. Default for files of type .FAI
/FLAG-NON-STANDARD	indicates non-standard syntax in file.
/FORTRAN	compiles the file using the FORTRAN compiler Default in the absence of a standard source file type and a language switch Default for files of type .FOR
/LANGUAGE-SWITCHES:"/switch(es)"	passes the specified switches to the compiler that will process the file(s) to which this switch applies. You must include the switches in double quotation marks (" ").
/LIBRARY	same as /SEARCH.
/LIST	prints a listing of the program in ASCII format; the name of this listing is the filename of the object file. The /CREF switch overrides /LIST when they both apply to the same file.
/MAC	same as /MACRO
/MACHINE-CODE	produces a file containing the generated machine code. The filename is that of the object file; the file type is .LST. For high-level languages. Default
/MACRO	assembles the file using the MACRO assembler. Default for files of type .MAC
/MAP	produces a loader map and stores it in the file object.MAP, where object is the name of the module containing the start address, or (if no start address) nnnLNK.MAP, where nnn is your job number.
/NOBINARY	prevents generation of an object (binary) file. Use this switch along with /LIST or /CREF to allow these switches to take effect without producing a new object file.
/NOCREF	same as /NOCROSS-REFERENCE.
/NOCOMPILE	prevents compilation if the associated object file is current; otherwise it forces compilation. Cancels /COMPILE or /RELOCATABLE. See Characteristics - Compiling New Sources Only, below. Default
/NOCROSS-REFERENCE	prevents the creation of a cross-reference file. Default
/NODEBUG	excludes special debugging information from your object file. (For FORTRAN programs only.) Default
/NOFLAG-NON-STANDARD	prevents the flagging of nonstandard syntax in the file. Default
/NOLIBRARY	same as /NOSEARCH.
/NOLIST	prevents a line printer listing of the program. Default
/NOMACHINE-CODE	prevents generation of a file containing machine code. Default
/NOOPTIMIZE	prevents the generation of a globally optimized object file. (For FORTRAN programs only.) Default
/NOSEARCH	requires all modules in the object file library (the file accompanied by this switch in the command line) to be loaded, even if they are not called by your program. Cancels the /SEARCH switch. Default
/NOSTAY	stops the compiler from being placed in a background fork. Use when /STAY is set as a default for the compiler.
/NOSYMBOLS	prevents a symbol table from being loaded along with the object file.
/NOWARNINGS	prevents display of warnings for nonfatal errors.
/OPTIMIZE	calls for generation of a globally optimized object file, that is, one that runs as quickly as possible. (For FORTRAN programs only, and only if you have not given the /DEBUG switch.)
/PASCAL	compiles the file using the PASCAL compiler. Default for files of type .PAS
/RELOCATABLE	identifies the input file as an object file (regardless of its extension) and prevents compilation of the source file, forcing use of an existing object file even if the object file is out of date. Default for files of type .REL
/SAIL	compiles the file using the SAIL compiler. Default for files of type .SAI
/SEARCH	requires that the object file library (the file accompanied by this switch in the command line) be searched for modules called by your program or by a program subroutine. Only these modules are loaded, along with modules called from the system libraries, which are always searched.
/SIMULA	compiles the file using the SIMULA compiler. Default for files of type .SIM
/SNOBOL	compiles the file using the SNOBOL compiler Default for files of type .SNO
/STAY	returns your terminal to TOPS-20 command level so that you can perform other work while the system continues to compile your program. You immediately receive the TOPS-20 prompt (@ or $), and can then issue any user command. Be careful not to send incorrect data to programs expecting terminal input. (See the CONTINUE command, Restrictions: Programs Competing for Terminal Input.) This switch saves you from having to: issue a ^T to make sure the compiler has begun; give a ^C to halt compilation; and issue a CONTINUE /STAY command to remain at command level during compilation.
/SYMBOLS	loads a symbol table along with the object file; helpful for debugging a program. Default
/WARNINGS	displays warnings for nonfatal errors. Default

Characteristics

Compiling New Sources Only

The system usually compiles only those sources for which there are no current object files, that is, sources whose write dates are more recent than those of the object files of the same name.

However, sources for which you supply a new object filename are compiled even if there are current object files. You can always force compilation with the /COMPILE switch.

Default Switches Not Passed to Compiler

Only switches specified in a LOAD-class command are passed to the compiler; default switches are not passed. Instead, the system assumes that the defaults for the compiler are the same as the defaults for the LOAD-class command.

Using Standard File Types

If you specify source files with standard types (.FOR, .MAC, .CBL, or .ALG) in a COMPILE command, the system automatically calls the appropriate compiler when compilation is necessary. If you specify source files by filename only, the system searches your connected directory in the above order for a file of this name and a standard type. To compile programs from sources that have nonstandard file types, give a switch to indicate the proper compiler (/FORTRAN, /MACRO, /COBOL, or /ALGOL). A switch will take precedence over a standard file type if they indicate different languages. If no compiler is indicated with either a switch or a standard file type, the FORTRAN compiler is used.

Hints

Plus Signs Between Filespecs

If you give two or more filespecs separated by plus signs (+) as arguments to COMPILE, they are compiled together as if they were a single file. Their object module is stored under any filename given as the "object" argument of the command, or (if none) under the last filename in the group and file type .REL.

Indirect Files as Arguments

You can store the arguments (source and object filespecs, switches) of a COMPILE command in an indirect file, and specify them by typing an at sign (@) and its filespec as a COMPILE command argument.

Establishing Default Arguments with the SET Command

You can issue the SET DEFAULT COMPILE-SWITCHES command to set up default global arguments to the COMPILE command. Insert this SET command in your COMAND.CMD file to change your own defaults permanently.

Wildcards Illegal with COMPILE

The COMPILE command does not accept wildcard characters (* and %) in a file specification.

Effect on Memory

The COMPILE command clears any unkept forks from memory and loads the appropriate compiler.

Related Commands

LOAD, EXECUTE, and DEBUG

other LOAD-class commands for performing related functions

Examples

Compile a FORTRAN program.
```
@COMPILE RSD2.FOR
FORTRAN: RSD2
MAIN.
```
Do the same thing, using a switch to indicate the proper compiler. Use the /STAY switch to return immediately to TOPS-20 command level.
```
@COMPILE RSD2/FORTRAN/STAY
@PUSH

 TOPS-20 Command processor 7(1015)
@EDIT LOGIN.CMD
```

Create an indirect file using the EDIT editor. Use it to compile several programs, forcing a compilation of the last one and storing its object file under a new name.

@CREATE UPDATE.CMD
Input: UPDATE.CMD.1
00100   /COBOL FSTQ, SNDQ, THDQ, FTHQ/COMPILE ANNUAL
00200   $
*E

[UPDATE.CMD.1]
@COMPILE @UPDATE.CMD
COBOL:  DMN     [FSTQ.CBL]
COBOL:  DMN     [SNDQ.CBL]
COBOL:  DMN     [THDQ.CBL]
COBOL:  DMN     [FTHQ.CBL]
EXIT
@DIRECTORY,
@@CHRONOLOGICAL WRITE
@@REVERSE
@@
   PS:<LATTA>
 ANNUAL.REL.1
 THDQ.REL.1
 SNDQ.REL.1
 SNDQ.CBL
 FSTQ.CBL

Total of 5 files

Produce a cross-reference (.CRF) file for a FORTRAN program although you already have a current object file; prevent the generation of a new object program. Check for the output file.

@COMPILE /CREF/FORTRAN/COMPILE/NOBINARY RSD2
FORTRAN: RSD2
MAIN.
@DIRECTORY,
@@CHRONOLOGICAL WRITE
@@REVERSE
@@

   PS:<LATTA>
 RSD2.CRF.1
 017CRE.TMP.100017;T
 RSD2.REL.1
 RSD2.FOR

Total of 4 files

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